Dysphagia is difficulty in swallowing of food. Mainly of two types based level of obstruction
- Oropharyngeal
- Mechanical – Due to obstructive pathology
- Transfer – Mainly due to neuromuscular pathology
- Oesophageal
- Mechanical
- Esophageal stricture
- Esophageal cancer
- Esophageal web
- Extrinsic compression of compression by lymph nodes
- Motor
- Achalasia cardia
- Mechanical
Diagnosis
Following test are required for diagnosis
- Endoscopy
- Barium swallow
- Esophageal manometry
- CECT chest
Treatment
Treatment depends upon the cause and includes
- Endoscopy and dilatation for stricture
- Stent placement for malignancy
- Balloon dilatation and medications for Achalasia